How Long Does Trademark Registration Last

The term of a federal trademark registration is ten years, with 10-year renewal terms. Unlike copyrights or patents, trademark registration rights can last indefinitely if the owner continues to use the mark to identify goods or services. Filing Forms However, between the fifth and sixth year after the date of initial trademark registration, you must file an affidavit of use and pay an additional fee to keep the registration alive. You must also file an affidavit and pay a fee every 10 years. If an affidavit is missed, the registration is canceled. However, you may file the affidavit within a grace period of six months after the end of the sixth or tenth year, with payment of an additional fee. To file forms for a trademark, consider retaining an intellectual property lawyer, use the Trademark Electronic Application System. You may also contact the Trademark Assistance Center at 1-800-786-9199 to request a paper form. Keep Your Registration Alive To keep a registration alive, the owner of the registration must file specific forms at the particular times listed above. Affidavit or declaration of continued use or excusable nonuse under Section 8 of the Trademark Act (also known as a Section 8 Declaration)Application for renewal under Section 9 of the Trademark Act (also known as a Section 9 Renewal)Declaration of Incontestability under Section 15 (Section 15 Declaration) of the Trademark Act (filed by the owner of a registration on the Principal Register)

The Impact Of Music On The Heart Of New Orleans Essay

Throughout history, the rise of cultures led to the rise of cultural difference, and those differences both separated people and brought people together. Every culture must choose whether they will allow their differences from other cultures to cause political unrest and war or collaboration and growth. While most people within almost every culture strives for peace, political and religious radicals cry out that deaths of infidels will lead to the greater good. But the sons and daughters of the mothers and fathers, and the brothers of the sisters and the husbands of the wives, taken from them fail to feel justified. Though, in spite of waves of cultural differences causing ebbs and flows of the rising and falling of war and peace, the cohesive effects of music seems to ignore cultural differences by giving them reasons to celebrate their commonalities. And the almost infinite number of sounds that creates the musical kaleidoscope of jazz perhaps best embodies music’s cohesive elements. Birthed in the heart of New Orleans in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the cultural impact of jazz influences the world like few other musical genres. Its commonality acts like a musical palette painting pictures of versatility among those influenced by it. That commonality brought jazz musicians Russell Scott (more commonly known as Russ Liquid) and Andrew Block, who met while touring with European DJ and producer Grammatik, together. On that tour, Liquid and Block discoveredShow MoreRelatedEssay on Jazz Ken Burns1444 Words   |  6 Pagesfirst episodes entitled, â€Å"Gumbo, Beginnings to 1917† and â€Å"The Gift (1917-1924), explain the early growth of jazz as it originates in New Orleans and its expands to Chicago and New York during the Jazz Age. In assessing the first two episodes of Ken Burns 2001 documentary, JAZZ, this essay will explore the history of jazz, the musics racial implications, and its impact on society. In doing so, attention will al so be given to the structure of the documentary, and the effectiveness of documentary filmRead MoreJazz : The Emergence Of Jazz1301 Words   |  6 PagesJazz: the Emergence Jazz is a form of music that originated in the United States during the early 1900s. It was a form of music that influenced generations, started the music careers of many great musicians, and its ties are in the melting pot of New Orleans. Jazz has a variety of styles to listen to and also has many diverse musicians to experience these diverse sounds from. Jazz is a great form of music. Its different styles and musicians give it diversity, while strengthening ties to the AfricanRead MoreJazz Music1079 Words   |  5 Pagesjazz is New Orleans. Being a port city (with people migrating from all over the world), it was a melting pot of diverse racial composition. Atkins (1995, p18) observes that unlike the stern protestant ethic found elsewhere in the south, the attitudes prevailing in New Orleans encouraged dance and music. It was a city with a great culture of celebration and rich music tradition, a city with a nightlife that allowed musicians to play with, and learn from, one anothe r. These elements united in New OrleansRead MoreBridging Cultural Divides Through Music1281 Words   |  6 PagesBridging Cultural Divides through Music Throughout history, the rise of cultures caused the rise of cultural difference, and those differences separated and brought people together. Every person in every culture must choose to either allow their differences from people in other cultures to cause political unrest and war or collaboration and growth. While most people within almost every culture strives for peace, political and religious radicals cry out that the deaths of infidels will lead to theRead MoreBlues and Jazz Influence Paper1698 Words   |  7 Pages The Influence of 1920 Blues and Jazz on Modern Music Mark Carter The Influence of 1920 Blues and Jazz on Modern Music This paper is will try to show how the music that started with singing of old songs by the slaves to influences the music that the world listens to today. Shaping the music of Rock and Roll, Country and Western, and Easy Listening that influences every aspect of society’s everyday life are Blues and Jazz. In an interview many years ago on television, heard by thisRead MoreThe Culture Of Folk Culture863 Words   |  4 Pagespractice, their habitual meals, or their ancient legends that they speak about to future generations. Any culture must have a birth place, most of them spawning in local communities, or erupting from a specific group of individuals. The more indigenous music and stories and that brood from these smaller communities is considered folk culture. Though, most of the legends, jokes, and myths told from these specific families in past generations die off, accustoming to the specific events that are occurringRead MoreOrigins Of Today s Music1546 Wo rds   |  7 PagesOrigins of Today s Music While blues and jazz are musically different, they play a similar role in the in the musical genres that is heard today. Today, music is divided into many genres such as hip-hop, easy listening, country, rock and roll or classic rock, etc. Pure blues or jazz is hardly thought of, as those two genres are not heard as often in today’s music. The purpose of this essay is to compare and contrast the difference between blues and jazz music. Blues and jazz are musical genresRead More Louis Armstrong Essay1336 Words   |  6 Pagesthe jazz world. That is what made him become what he is to many today – a legend. Born on August 4, 1901, in the poorest section of New Orleans, Armstrong grew up with his grandparents due to his parents’ separation. On January 1, 1913 he made a mistake which turned out to be the best thing that ever happened to him. At a New Year’s celebration in downtown New Orleans, Louis Armstrong, also known as â€Å"Satchmo† and â€Å"Satch†, fired a pistol into the air and was placed in the Colored Waifs’ Home. It wasRead MoreThe Jazz Musici Louis Armstrong1078 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Jazz music came to seem not merely an annoyance but a threat,† (â€Å"Roaring Twenties†). The 1920’s was when Jazz became a hit: it was being played in roadho uses, dance halls and places all over the country. It’s a very fast paced sound that was different than what people had heard of before. Louis Armstrong was a very well-known jazz musician during this time. He played the trumpet and was a very good jazz musician. He was in many bands, played in Broadway and traveled playing jazz for people (Wenning)Read MoreThe City Of New Orleans1805 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"New Orleans is unlike any city in America. Its cultural diversity is woven into the food, the music, the architecture – even the local superstisions. It’s a sensory experience on all levels and there’s a story lukring around every corner.† –Ruta Sepetys The city of New Orleans, Louisiana is a very different and special place. The population is about 390,000 based on the 2014 census. The city was named after the Regent to Louis XV, the Duke of Orleans in the early 1700s. It was established by

Child Observation Free Essays

PSY 122 Child Growth and Development *Key Assessment: OBSERVATION *OF A CHILD and GROUP OF CHILDREN (This key assessment will be in 2 parts; *a total of 4 separate observation papers*) NAEYC Standards and Supportive skills: Standard 1 Promoting Child Development and Learning a Knowing and understanding young children’s characteristics and needs 1b Knowing and understanding the multiple influences on development and learning Standard 3 Observing, Documenting, and Assessing to Support Young Children and Families 3b Knowing about and using observation, documentation, and other appropriate assessment tools and techniques 3c Understanding and practicing responsible assessment Supportive Skill 2 Mastering and Applying Foundational Concepts from General Education Supportive Skill 3 Written and Verbal communication Skills Supportive Skill 4 Skills in Making Connections between Prior Knowledge/Experience and New Learning Observation 2: Observe a different child in 2 new area/activities* Part 2: *Observation 3: Observe a group of children inte*racting in one of the following *area/*activities* Observation 4: Observe another group of children interacting in a different area/activities* *Areas/Activities include: PSY 122 Child Growth and Development Key Assessment: OBSERVATION *OF A CHILD and GROUP OF CHILDREN (This key assessment will be in 2 parts) Observation Paper Format Observation Paper # 4 REMEMBER: To use pseudonym (not real name) Describe what the child (ren) are doing and saying (use quotation marks) during the length of your observation. Be specific, objective, and descriptive. Avoid judgmental statements (i. We will write a custom essay sample on Child Observation or any similar topic only for you Order Now e. â€Å"That little boy was bad. †). Kids Towne day care is located in an industrial park in Branford, CT. It currently has 75 children enrolled. Inside, the daycare is broken up into class rooms by age. On this day, I chose to observe the preschool room. The classroom currently has 20 children enrolled but not all the children attend daily. On this day there were 14 children in the classroom. The ages range from 3 years old to 4. 5 years old. The ratio of boys to girls is 2:1. Around 8:00am, I began watching the entire group of children. The structure of their day begins at 8:00am with â€Å"circle time. † Miss Sam, the teacher of the preschool room, announces to the children â€Å"Circle time! † I watched as they all came running. â€Å"Sit on a letter. † Miss Sam instructs the children. In the middle of the room there is a huge carpet with all the letters of the alphabet on it. Each child sits on a letter of their choice. â€Å"I want J† says a little boy named Jonah. Once all the children are seated Miss Sam begins with the date and the weather. â€Å"Its chilly outside today† she tells the students. â€Å"Mommy made me wear my jacket but I didn’t want to. † Says a boy named Alex. Shortly after the date and weather, the room breaks out in song. â€Å"The wheels on the bus go round and round†¦Ã¢â‚¬  sing the children. I notice that one girl is not singing. She is sitting with her legs crossed with her elbows on her knees and her head down. When the song finishes, Miss Sam asks Meghan, â€Å"What’s wrong? † â€Å"I have a headache Miss Sam. † â€Å"Well, maybe you’ll feel better after we make our monster puppets? † Meghan didn’t answer. â€Å"Who wants to make monster puppets? † asks Miss Sam. â€Å"Meeeeeeee! † several children proclaimed. I watched as the kids ran to the art center where two long rectangular tableswere side by side. All the boys sat at one table, and all the girls sat at the other. Miss Sam gave each child a brown lunch bag and spread crayons, markers, feathers, pom poms and glue on the table. Miss Sam showed the children a monster puppet that she had made. Mine is going to be pink† said one of the little girls. â€Å"Mine too† said another. I watched as the children worked on their puppets. â€Å"Roarrrrrrrr† said one boy who was coloring his bag green. When the children finished their puppets they all held them up and shared them with pride. Section II. Inferences/Interpretations: Section III: Theorist: Choose a theory/theorist (i. e. Piaget, Vygotsky, Erikson, Skinner, Bronfenbrenner, etc. ) and include a discussion on how this theory would explain what you have observed about the child (ren)’s behavior and development. How to cite Child Observation, Essays Child Observation Free Essays Child Observation Background The child that I chose to observe was a nine year old boy that I will refer to as Dan. Dan is a highly gifted child who, unfortunately, suffers from cerebral palsy, as well as panic attacks. His parents are divorced and he lives with his mother, who has remarried. We will write a custom essay sample on Child Observation or any similar topic only for you Order Now His father who also has remarried, does have contact with him, though the relationship is somewhat strained. He comes from an upper middle class background, and has no brothers or sisters. I observed Dan in the waiting room for about an hour (his mother was good enough to bring him in for his appointment a little early so that I could observe him). The room contained many toys and books for varying ages, as well as a number of magazines for both kids and adults. The walls were covered with different pictures and posters, and there were a number of chairs. Observation Dan’s mother, Molly, helped him into the office by supporting him under his arms. His upper body works normally but he has trouble with his legs, particularly his lower legs, and is unable to walk on his own. His mother took him immediately to the corner of the room containing the toys and books, then lowered him to the floor. Dan picked out a science book that appeared to be geared towards children a few years older than he. Lying on the floor, he began to read aloud and frequently questioned his mother, who sat in a nearby chair, about pronunciation of words, as well as dates and background information on famous scientists mentioned in the text. His mother answered all of his questions, and when she did, he engaged her in further conversation about the subject until he was sure that he understood. His mother was then called into the office to speak with the doctor alone. Before leaving, she asked Dan if he needed to use the restroom (he needs her help to do so). He told her he was fine, and she went into the office. At this point, Dan and I were the only two people in the room. He continued to read aloud after his mother had left. With her gone, he engaged in private speech when he came to a word he did not know, or a subject he was unfamiliar with. His conversations with himself were very similar to those he had with his mother. About ten minutes after his mother had left, Dan began looking over at me occasionally, but only for a second before going back to his reading. When he was unsure of a word, he repeated it several times before moving on. His reading grew gradually quieter until I could not always make out the words. At one point, he came across a word that he did not know and began reasoning to himself as follows: â€Å"This must be an English word†¦although I speak English, so maybe it’s from a different country†¦ or maybe they only use it in England. † Dan looked at me several times as he attempted to reason through this, but did not ask me for help. After that, he closed the book and looked around the room. He pulled a rock the size of a large marble from his pocket, and began brushing it lightly against first a nearby chair leg, then his own sneaker. He sat up, experimented with throwing the rock at his left hand, which he held open, palm facing his right hand. I should note that he did not appear to be trying to catch it, but I could not be sure. At any rate, he never did catch it in the several times that he threw it. He then rolled it down his arm a couple of times, before throwing it straight up in the air, leaving his hand out, but not moving it at all as the rock fell past it. At this point Dan looked at me for about five or ten seconds straight, the first time he had done more than glance at me. He then pushed the book away and crawled over to a large aluminum can with a lid on it that was filled with toys. He brushed the rock lightly against it, but did not open it. Next, he looked at me and smiled. He asked me if he was bothering me and I told him he was not. He told me he did not want to distract me if I was studying. I answered that I was just writing something for school and that he was not distracting me at all. He said that he did not want to be bothersome and that he had been trying to be as non-distracting as possible. I told him not to worry about it and to just do whatever he wanted. After that, he began to talk to me a great deal. He told me about a book that he had read in the waiting room before and asked if I had ever read it. I answered that I had not and he told me all about it. He said it allowed you to put different wigs and clothes on different people and that he really liked it a lot. He went on to say that it was â€Å"a lot of fun, but it’s not here anymore so someone must have took it. I don’t know who took it though. † He then pulled down another book with big wobbly eyes that were placed to be on a different picture every time you turned the page. He asked me if I ever saw this book and I told him that I had. He said that it was â€Å"a really cool book. † He then started reading it aloud, looking over at me occasionally as he did so. A little later, as he continued to read, his mother came back in and asked again if he needed to use the restroom. He told her he did not, and she lifted him up and helped him into the office for his appointment. Interpreting the Observation The first thing that struck me about Dan’s behavior was that he ignored the toys and magazines, and went straight for the books. Not only that, the first book that he picked out was obviously geared towards kids several years older than he. I knew going into the observation that Dan was highly gifted, and combining that with his physical disability, it made sense that he would be an avid reader and , relative to the other kids his age, a very advanced one. This proved to be true. Gambrell (1994) says that a child who is motivated to learn will read for a number of reasons, including to gain knowledge. This certainly seemed to be the case with Dan as he was very intent on being sure that he understood exactly what he was reading. Many kids read because they have to, and they learn so that they will get an â€Å"A† in school; Dan was reading and learning for the sole purpose of gaining knowledge. This is not surprising given the fact that gifted children have been found to have significantly higher intrinsic motivation to learn all subject areas than do their peers (Gottfried Gottfried 1996). This study went on to say that â€Å"From the early years through adolescence, children who are identified as gifted evidence superior persistence, attention, curiosity, enjoyment of learning and orientation toward mastery and challenge. This was mirrored in the enthusiasm with which Dan went about the task of reading and being sure that he understood what he had read. The fact that his mother allowed him to pick out a book himself could be relevant to Dan’s apparent motivation to read. Gambrell (1994) reports that over 80% of children name books that they picked out themselves when asked about those they most enjoyed. In contrast, only 10% talked about books that were chosen for them. A strong correlation was shown to exist between a child’s being allowed to choose his own book and his intrinsic motivation to read. Gambrell further reports that learning through books is enhanced by social interactions, which further increase his desire to read. Dan obviously demonstrated this through the conversation he had with his mother while reading. After his mother left, Dan made frequent use of Vygotsky’s private speech (overt verbalizations not intended for a listener), particularly in the form of questions to himself. I saw this as both modeling his earlier conversations with his mother, and actively trying to learn new words and information. Goodman (1981) found that, in problem solving tasks, questions to self occurred more frequently following failures. This too, was the case with Dan who would often ask himself questions after being unable to pronounce a word or figuer out its meaning. Goodman also found that a hight rate of verbaliztions during problem solving tast was associated with increased efficiency. This is consistent with the fact that Dan, who made frequent use of such verbalizations, was a very advanced reader for his age. His frequent glances at me during particularly troublesome spots could have been related to social referencing. He appeared to want to ask me for help, but never did. Instead he simply looked at me as he tried to pronounce the word, as if trying to guage my facial reaction to see if he was right. Conclusion Dan appeared to be, aside from his diagnosed problems of cerebral palsy and panic attacks, a fairly normal, though cognitively advanced, nine year old boy. His reading every thing aloud struck me as somewhat unusual, and I have no sure explanantion as to why; perhaps he feels that he learns better through auditory stimulation. He also seemed to use private speech more than the average nine year old would, but as I discussed earlier, some studies have linked this to better problem solving abilities and high cognitive performance. References Gambrell, L. B. , (1994). What motivates children to read? Scholastic Literacy Research Paper, 2 Gottfried, A. E. Gottfried, A. W. , (1996). A longitudinal study of academic intrinsic motivation in intellectually gifted children; Childhood through early adolescence. Gifted Child Quarterly, 40 (4), 179-183 Goodman, S. H. , (1981). The intergration of verbal and motor behavior in preschool children. Child Development. 52 (1), 280-289 How to cite Child Observation, Papers Child Observation Free Essays string(139) " result she has been sent to the principal’s office on two occasions for defying her teacher because she believed her teacher was wrong\." ?-1Observer: Michelle StanleyDate of Observation: 3/2/10 Fictitious Name of Child: AbbySetting: Bed room and living room Child’s Age: 3 years and 10 monthsPhysical Description of Child: When I walked into the house Abby was wearing her princess Belle dress-up gown. Her hair is bright blonde, down lloose and knotted, her eyed are blue, her skin is pale and her cheeks are rosy. Time Observed: 4:00pm – 4:10pm Behavior Observed: Upon entering the house Abby politely took my jacket and hung it up on a chair. We will write a custom essay sample on Child Observation or any similar topic only for you Order Now She then ran up the stairs and asked me to come see her dollhouse. She identified every little thing in her dollhouse as she was showing it to me. She showed me the â€Å"windows†, â€Å"stove†, â€Å"soap†, â€Å"mantel†, â€Å"rockwing chairs†, and the â€Å"shower head, where the water comes out so everyone is clean†. She then began to play with two cats, according to her â€Å"the mama and the daddy cats†. She made a deep voice for the â€Å"daddy cat† and an extremely high pitched voice for the â€Å"mama catâ€Å". She made up an elaborate story about the â€Å"mama cat† having to go on an adventure to find the â€Å"baby cat†. While telling this tale she used words such as â€Å"excited† and â€Å"surprised† in the right context. Time Observed: 4:10pm – 4:20pm Behavior Observed: When Abby became bored with her dollhouse and cats she moved on to her Disney Princess Barbie’s. She introduced me to each princess, â€Å"Belle†, â€Å"Ariel†, â€Å"Snow White†, and â€Å"Cindyrella, her favorite princess†. After telling me all of their names she showed me all of the outfits that they wear and explained to me when and why they wear them. When she began playing with her Snow White Barbie she dressed her in her â€Å"cleaning clothes† and started to sing â€Å"Hi-Ho, Hi-Ho, it’s off to work we go†. This line was followed by her attempt to whistle. After finishing her singing she asked me if I wanted to see her â€Å"special doll†. I told her yes, and she came up to me and said â€Å"Be careful she is porcelain and very fragile. † She then struggled to lift herself onto her bed. Time Observed: 4:20pm to 4:30pm Behavior Observed: Abby then began playing with fairy dolls. She showed me one fairy that she called â€Å"the fairy of forgiveness†. She then made up a dialogue, at the end a doll apologized, and the fairy forgave her. Immediately after this scene ended she headed back downstairs to the living room with ease and began drawing pictures and writing her first and last name. In doing this she accidentally got marker on her face. Her mother responded to this by saying â€Å"Well, don’t you look beautiful. † Abby took this literally and when her mother was not paying particularly close attention she went into the bathroom to finish beautifying herself. She came back out with pink marker scribbles all over her face. Her mother then went to take the marker away before any more damage could be done and Abby began to make whimpering noises and complained. She was quickly reprimanded by her mother. Interview with the Abby’s Mother On what date was Abby born? Abby was born on April 27th, 2006 two months premature. Was Abby born with any disorders? She was born with Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA), or in simpler terms with a hole in her heart that caused a heart murmur. At birth she was also plagued with a low level brain bleed. Thankfully, both of these conditions cleared up on their own. Was Abby fussy as an infant? As an infant she was not fussy and in fact was always smiling†¦ not much has changed today. Was she breast fed or bottle fed? Abby was breast fed until four months when she began having cereal and baby food. When did she first roll over? She first rolled over when she was around 12 weeks old, but after that she was not very active. When did she start crawling? She never really crawled around. She would scoot a little bit, but she went right from scooting to standing. The reason Abby did not crawl is because she has weak upper trunk muscles (this is common in premature children). Basically, she has â€Å"loosey goosey† arms and struggles in simple tasks such as carrying her backpack and lifting herself onto her bed. She may one day need physical therapy for this but as of right now she participates in activities such as swimming and using the monkey bars on a play set. She is also always made to carry her bags, and once or twice a week she and her father have fake push up competitions. As a result of her weaker upper trunk she may one day have trouble in fine motor skills, such as forming her letters, but so far she has developed normally. When did she begin walking? Around 1 year, she began to walk. What percentile is Abby in for height and weight? Abby is in the 50th percentile for weight for kids her age and in the 98th percentile for height. What have you done for daycare throughout the years? From birth until September of 2006 Abby remained with me at home. When I finally returned to work Abby’s primary care giver was her father, he stayed home with her from September of 2006 through December of 2006. She was then placed in the care of her aunt’s daycare from December of 2006 until August of 2008 as she then began Preschool at Precious Gems Learning Center. How is Abby doing academically? She can recognize and write all of her letters, knows how to spell her first and last name, can recognize and write simple words such as â€Å"mom† and â€Å"dad†, can recognize numbers up through ten and can count up to about thirty. Has she received any evaluations from her learning center? Yes, two. She has earned the highest possible marks in almost all subject areas. Has she ever had any behavioral problems? She is sassy and knows her own mind, as a result she has been sent to the principal’s office on two occasions for defying her teacher because she believed her teacher was wrong. You read "Child Observation" in category "Observation essays" As far as the many aspects of physical development go Abby is right on track for the most part. According to the interview with her mother she is tall for her age (98th percentile) and she is of average weight (50th percentile). Her body shape and structure have changed the way they were supposed to, meaning that she has burned off almost all of the fat that she carried during infancy, and her arms and legs have lengthened so her body looks more proportionate. In looking at brain growth and sensory development Abby seems to be ahead of her age group. While most preschoolers focus on the initial letters of words and guess at the rest Abby is able in many instances to sound the word out. In observing her write her first and last name I noticed that she was actually sounding the letters out, most children her age are unable to do that. In the health and wellness aspect of Abby’s physical development she is a bit behind her peers. I noticed while we were playing in her bedroom that she had great difficulty hoisting herself onto her bed. While the most serious health problem of her peers is a runny nose, Abby suffers from those weak upper trunk muscles. When gross motor skills are concerned I noticed that Abigail was ahead in certain areas, like descending the long stairway in her house. The majority of the time it is not until the age of five that children can descend a long stairway alternating feet, but I observed that Abby could, this could be because of her reliance on her legs as her main support since she was very young. When fine motor skills are factored in there are also some ways that Abby is ahead of her age group. For instance she can copy letters and short words, as I observed during the short time that she was writing and drawing with the marker, these abilities do not usually develop until closer to the age of five. After all that I observed I would say that Abigail is right on track to meet future developmental milestones. Cognitively, from what I observed, Abigail seems without a doubt to be just as knowledgeable as those her age and in many areas she surpasses her peers. The ways in which she is most like children her age are that she is extremely egocentric, meaning that what she says is right no matter what and she is able to count in a systematic manner. For example, in speaking to her mother I learned that Abby was sent to the principal’s office twice because she believed she was right and that her teacher was wrong. Also, according to her mother she is able to count up through the number 30. Verbally, I believe she surpasses most children her age. She uses such words as â€Å"surprised† and â€Å"ecstatic†, and forms such sentences as â€Å"Be careful my doll is porcelain and very fragile. †, while most children her age form sentences like â€Å"Can I put my head in the mailbox so the mailman can know where I are and put me in the mailbox? †. Abigail is definitely on track to meet all of her cognitive milestones. Socially Abby seems to be at the same level as her peers. During psychosocial development it is important that Abby develop a sense of initiative. She is able to do this by dressing up in her dress-up Princess Belle attire. Also, much like her peers her play is mostly functional. Functional play is anything that is repetitive, such as playing with dolls and cars. She played with dolls almost the entire time that I observed her. Emotionally she seems to be doing well too. She understands the concept of forgiveness and how other people might feel about something as a result of her actions. She shows this through her dialogue with the doll and the fairy. This dialogue shows that she has begun to develop a sense of empathy, as most kids her age do. Another example of how Abby is on target emotionally is how she behaved when she was reprimanded for drawing all over her face. At first, Abby tried to cry and complain her way out of the situation, but as soon as her authoritative mother explained to her that her behavior was unacceptable, and described why it was unacceptable Abby said sorry and gave her mother the marker. This shows that Abby can regulate her own behavior affectively, as most children with authoritative parents her age can. In having the opportunity to observe Abby for only thirty minutes, there are two theorists that come to mind when analyzing her behavior: Erik Erikson and Jean Paiget. Erikson believed that children aged 3 to 6 went through a stage of psychological development that involved initiative versus guilt. Children within this age group discover ways to initiate their actions and on the opposite side can feel guilt from their actions and thoughts. When Abby decided to draw with marker on her face she initiated her own actions and when she realized it was wrong and apologized she felt guilt. Piaget claims that those ages 2 through seven develop language skills, symbolic thinking and egocentric thinking. Though I did not experience any type of symbolic thinking, I did experience egocentric thinking and her language skills. Abby is definitely in the preoperational stage, she is like a sponge taking in new vocabulary words on a daily basis, as she showed by using words like â€Å"porcelain† and â€Å"fragile†. Also, the episode in the classroom described by her mother shows that she is very egocentric, and is unable to see anyone else’s view point besides her own as right. It was extremely important that I observe Abigail in her own house because this is the setting in which she is most familiar. The more familiar the setting, the more likely she was to act and behave normally. I definitely believe that in observing her in her natural setting I obtained accurate information of the way that she is developing. How to cite Child Observation, Essays Child Observation Free Essays Sexuality OR Gender issues (20pts. ), Grading Rubric is posted on D2L. Choose one: Sexuality: Interview a person for whom his/her sexuality was an issue in the school context. We will write a custom essay sample on Child Observation or any similar topic only for you Order Now * The interview must take place either in person or on the phone: Not via email. State how you conducted the interview within your paper. * Provide a pseudonym for interviewee’s name to maintain confidentiality. * How does this person identify him/herself sexually? * What was his/her experience in school? In what ways did students/teachers help/hinder their learning experience? * What places at school are least safe and why? Provide details on what type of incidences happen there. * Is there a way teachers/schools can better protect the safety of students? What recommendations does your interviewee have for future teachers? * Reflect on your findings. Write at least one half page. * This interview should be written in essay format, stating the question and answer within the paper. * Summarize the interview and add reflection. Essay should be at least 750 words. Gender Issues: Observe a classroom or a Sunday school class (ages must be between the equivalent of 1st-12th grades) for 20 minutes during a time when students are asked to participate in discussion and there is no control device being used. * Document how many students are in the class. * State how many there are of each gender. * What is the activity that you are observing; what is being taught? * How many times are female and male students called on in a period of 20 minutes? Provide numeric count. * Document whether the teacher varies the type of questions/affirmations/comments/gestures according to gender. * Document whether the teacher uses noticeably distinct gestures or body language when interacting with one gender or the other. * Reflect on your findings. What thoughts do you have about this experience and what measures will you take to ensure gender equity? Write at one half page. * Summarize the observation and add reflection. Essay should be at least 750 words. AA#3 Sexuality or Gender Issues How to cite Child Observation, Essays

Brodie Law

Question: Explain Brodie Law. Answer: The Brodies law had been implemented in June 2011. This law had been implemented after the tragic suicide of a young woman who had been victim to bullying (Buchan and Cruickshank 2013). According to this law, criminals are liable to face punishment of at least 10 years imprisonment for committing such serious bullying crimes. It has been observed that the Crimes Act 1958 has been applied for the serious criminal offence in the Brodies death case. Workplace Bulling: Workplace bullying is the persistent pattern of mistreatment from others in the workplace that causes harm. This behavior can be in the form of verbal and physical assault, psychological abuse such as physical and verbal abuse, using offensive language in workplace, separating employees according to their culture, emotional harassment in the workplace, intimidation and assigning impossible jobs to the employees (Neumann et al. 2013). Duties in relation to workplace bullying: The employees and the managers of the organization have implemented the Occupational Health and Safety Act 2004 for the employees. It has been noticed that the Occupationally Health and Safety Management is reasonably practicable for the employees. However, it is based on the hazard or arising risk from activities of the business (Maharjan 2013). The managers have taken the decision about the risk of the employee health and tried to control those risks. As stated by Neumann et al. (2013), Occupational health and Safety law has been formed based on the duties on the employees and protection of the employees. It has been observed that the Occupational Health and Safety Act have been placed in the workplace to take reasonable care for the health and safety of the employees (Maharjan 2013). It has been observed that the Occupational Health and Safety Act has maintained the safe working environment and reduced the workplace bulling. The organization has implemented the code of conduct of the standard behavior for employees to remove the work place bulling. Preventing workplace bullying: It has been observed that the Occupational Health and Safety Act have been implemented to maintain environment bullying free environment, harassment of the employees in the work place, workplace discrimination and violence of the organization (Neumann et al. 2013). The policy development consultation has been implemented for the employees. It has been observed after getting complained from the employees. The human resource management has taken action to address those issues as early as possible. The human resource management has assessed the whether the workplace is free from the bulling prevention (Maharjan 2013). The human resource management has observed that whether the bulling prevention strategy is working or not. it has been found the Occupational Health and Safety Act has provided a prompt assistant and support to the employees. The Occupational Health and Safety Act assist the employees with a consistent approach (Neumann et al. 2013). The workplace procedures have been impl emented according to the size and structure of the business. Workplace was aware of the companys policy on workplace bullying: The Occupational Health and Safety Act have provided the workplace safety to the employees. It has been observed that the managers have provided the instruction, information, training and supervision to remove the workplace bulling (Neumann et al. 2013). The human resource managers have collected the feedback from the managers and supervisors or other internal and external parties have informed the employees about their appropriate skill and role in the organization (Buchan and Cruickshank 2013). The human resource management has supervised the appropriate skill and development planning. The human resource management has provided the managers and the supervisors before started their duties. Handling a bullying complaint: As stated by Maharjan (2013), the management has managed the bullying complaint according to the Occupational Health and Safety Act. This Act covers some areas and provides decision about the action taken. The human resource management has observed the written and verbal report of the employees (McCrystal 2014). The human resource management has directly observed the behavior of the employees. It has been observed that the Health and Safety Risk has been raised the issues for the member of the designated work group (Buchan and Cruickshank 2013). The human resource management has effectively responded on the issues when they are raised. Reference list: Buchan, R. and Cruickshank, M., 2013. Security for costs against foreign claimant in Scottish patent infringement action.Journal of Intellectual Property Law Practice,8(3), pp.184-185. Maharjan, M., 2013. Conflict in World Heritage Sites of Kathmandu Valley: a case study on the conservation of private houses in three durbar squares.Nepal Tourism and Development Review,2(1), pp.87-104. Neumann, T.C., Taylor, J.E. and Fishback, P., 2013. Comparisons of weekly hours over the past century and the importance of work-sharing policies in the 1930s.The American Economic Review,103(3), pp.105-110.

Night By Elie Wiesel Essays (1166 words) - Satmar,

Night By Elie Wiesel The book Night was written by Elie Wiesel it is also about a true story he was just a child when it all happened. The book starts off as a little boy that is 12 years old his name is Eliezer he and is three other siblings Hilda the oldest girl then Bea and the baby of the family Tzipora all lived with there mother and father they were a small little Jewish family. Elie's family owned a little shop but only Hilda and Bea could help and Elie had to stay in school. Elie wanted to learn the perilous world of mysticism, which is a form of the Jewish religion that only one can study at the age of thirty. Elie's father was not up to discuss the matter much cause the answer that Elie received was not the one he wanted to hear. So Elie found a man named Moshe the Beadle he was a kind, funny and poor normally the people in Sighet would hate poor people that lived on the streets but Moshe was different he was kind and caused no harm. When Elie told Moshe that he wanted to learn about mysticism Moshe looked very surprised that a 12 year old would want an old poor man that sits an a synagogue all day and prays to teach him the mysteries of the mysticism. Moshe started teaching Elie everyday but one day the Hungarian police started cramming all the Jews in Sighet into little cattle car on a train. Every one that was inside was safe but if you were in the street you were taken. The very next day when Elie went to the synagogue to meet Moshe he was not there he had been taken. Elie wept and told his father what had happened to Moshe but it was like telling on him self for going behind his father's back and learning mysticism. In 1942 Moshe escaped death and came back to Sighet and was trying to tell every one what had happened to him but nobody listened not one single person of the town of Sighet would even hear him out. When he came to Elie's house Elie's father Chlomo told Moshe he was not welcome there any longer. The next day Elie went looking for Moshe to find out what happened to him. Elie found Moshe weeping in the synagogue. Moshe told Elie that all the Jews in Sighet were going to die and he himself almost died he said that the Germans would throw little babies in the air and let the gunners have target practice that they would make the prisoners dig giant holes then take off there clothes and line up on the edge of the hole. They would one by one shoot people and they would fall into the hole there was a man he said that was begging to be killed before his three sons. The only way that Moshe stayed alive is that he was shot in the leg and fell in the hole and was mistaken for dead. He said there where three other people that were not dead yet and a lady that that was trapped under dead bodies including her baby. This was in 1942 now its 1943 and Elie's mom is looking for a nice young man to marry her daughter Hilda. It was then quite in the town of Sighet until 1944 they heard over the radio that Hitler's army wasn't going to be able to come in to the town of Sighet and hurt any more people because the Russian's front line was moving in. Then the town of Sighet believed the radio and didn't think that they were in danger of be EXTERMINATED. All of a sudden all of these troops start coming in the town and nobody thinks to much of it. Until all the Jews where told that they were to give all there items of any value to the Hungarian police then they told them that they were not able to leave the house after 6:00p.m. Moshe came to Elie's house and told Elie's dad that he told him what would happen and nobody listened to him. Then he ran off in to the dark street. The Jews were made to yellow stars on there shirts. Then came the Ghettos there were two ghettos a big one and a smaller one the lager one was 4streets long and 4streets wide but

The Book Mother Teresa by Emma Johnson

The Book Mother Teresa by Emma Johnson Free Online Research Papers The book Mother Teresa by Emma Johnson has a great biography of Mother Teresa. It shows where Mother Teresa’s life started and where it ended. I think that this book give an honest opinion of Mother Teresa. It demonstrates how she became so famous and how generous she was. The book also shows why she chose to do some things in her life. Emma Johnson explains Mother Teresa’s life in a way that no one else can. Mother Teresa is born in 1910 as Agnes in Skopje. Agnes leaves her family forever to become a nun. She starts teaching as a nun in Darjeeling and is named Sister Teresa in 1928. She later is moved to Calcutta and she becomes a principal at the school. In 1947, Sister Teresa sees how poor people are in Calcutta and decides to leave the convent to help the poor. Many volunteers decide to help her out when she becomes Mother Teresa and the founder of the Missionaries of Charity in 1950. The Missionaries of Charity is opened outside of India when it gains success in India. Many homes are opened to help the poor. Mother Teresa receives many prizes for her kind work. After many years of her helping the poor, she dies at the age of 87 in 1997. As you can see, Mother Teresa had helped the poor and disadvantaged of the world. She was very bighearted and had a lot of determination to go on with her order. She also had a lot of courage to first leave her family and also help out the poor alone. People saw her generous acts and decided to help her out and then she became famous. If it wasn’t for Mother Teresa, then all the poor and disadvantaged of the world would still be suffering. I would definitely recommend this book to all my friends. I would also recommend this book to all of the people I know outside of school. It will show anyone who reads the book how generous a person can be. It will also show them that you can help strangers because they can also help you when you need help. A book like Mother Teresa includes how generous a person can be to help someone out. Mother Teresa was a person who devoted her life to help the poor and disadvantaged of the world. Research Papers on The Book Mother Teresa by Emma JohnsonBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XTrailblazing by Eric AndersonMind TravelPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Fifth HorsemanHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayThe Spring and AutumnThe Effects of Illegal Immigration19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era

Real Estate Investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Real Estate Investment - Essay Example Once the situation changes the other way (as it always does), the higher rates of interest in Italy will become predominant & the boom in real estate may receive a setback. There are also several instances wherein the seller turns out to be a fraud, who goes absconding after having got the reservation money. The situation is particularly precarious in the case of costly deals where 20-30% amounts to a large amount of money. Therefore, proper verification of the credentials of the other party is a must in order to thwart such occurrences. It is absolutely true to say that a dollar invested today would have an enhanced worth say three years down the line. But, this case is true provided other factors remain fairly constant. For example, if the political situation or the law & order scenario of an area is not alright or gets worse at any time between these years, then concerns among the buyers or financiers would ultimately work towards the education in the value of the property. In worse cases, the property may become useless such as I the instance of war or ethnic strife. As Italy has been a fairly peaceful nation, this fear is not supposed to dampen the spirits of investors. But nevertheless, one must always take this aspect into consideration at the time of investment planning.The interest rates in Italy hover in the range of around 2%, which is a bit more than that in the US. Therefore, it is advised that anyone desirous of seeking a mortgage especially for costlier properties, conduct an efficient forecast abut h is/her repayment options in order to avoid problems in the future. In spite of the boom in real estate in Italy, homeowners generally buy their property as something to live in rather than regard it as a form of investment. Therefore, when the need arises for selling that property especially after long periods of stay, the property value is set to fetch much lesser than the prevailing market due to any factors such as the age of the property, the amount of wear & tear, the forecast of the repairing costs that need to be undertaken by the buyer in advance etc. Another major disadvantage of investing in homes in Italy is that the majority of the mortgages are based on variable rates and as such, these interest rates keep changing fro area to area or company to company in particular. Therefore, the buyer may end up paying more while seeking a mortgage loan fro one company while there could be others offering it at reduced rates. Thus, this calls for a sense of responsibility on the part of the buyer to have an idea of the interest rates charged by the different mortgage companies. There is also an increasing trend towards direct purchasing through the phone or Internet. There have been instances in the past wherein investors have been duped by phony agents who pose as the real owners of a property or act as mediators. The reason has been attributed to the fault on the part of the investor to verify the authenticity of the property or it sellers. In most cases, the investor does not even inspect the site that is proposed to be purchased. The only solution is to verify the property & its seller either by himself or through trusted representatives, usually one's lawyers.In the case of a seller or in case the

High Fashion Styling Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

High Fashion Styling - Research Paper Example The essay "High Fashion Styling" discusses How to Become an A class Stylist. Aspiring stylists should be ready to face obstacles in firmly establishing careers. Specifically, this paper delves on the aspects of becoming an excellent stylist in high fashion. High Fashion is otherwise known as haute couture which is French for high sewing. It is also synonymous with high style which encompasses the most current when it comes to design. This kind of style is most often purported for exclusive clienteles. It also normally refers to rare and exclusive apparels. More importantly, the design is inimitable because of its price. Haute couture products are distinctive since they are financially difficult to access. Hence, the stylist should utilize high-quality fabrics. He must also design apparels with utmost taste, substantial amount of time, and meticulous expertise. Stylists were not so popular years ago. There was a time when they were quite ignored in the society. They were only known in the confines of the small fashion industries. The avenues of their recognition were only behind magazines and photo shoots. Charles Frederick Worth is known as the father of haute couture. He revolutionized the conventional styles and earned a mark in France’s fashion market. The term high fashion has been known to be first used in 1804. At this era, women’s dresses shifted to high-waisted designs which did not require the customary corset. Essentially, high fashion stemmed from Paris. This movement spawned other stylists. across time and cultures. As a Career â€Å"There are no hard and fast rules to beginning your styling career† (McAssey, & Buckley, p.17). The truth is, some of the most famous stylists did not actually have any formal training. On the other hand, there are also those who have spent many years in different colleges, internships, and academies. The point is one should look into all of the aspects that can help in advancing his status in the fa shion world. Though what you know is usually important in doing well, who you know matters greatly. Since the bigger part of the profession thrives on freelance, it is quite vital to have connections. Concerning compensation, the average alters depending on the kind of market. For example, in large scale promotions, stylists get paid from $400 up to $800 in one day (Lawson, 2012). Certainly, this kind of reward is an inspiration to many hopefuls. Experts’ salaries may get higher with appropriate certifications. The Association of Image Consultants Seminar is one of the organizations that guarantee a stylist’s proficiency. During shoots and productions, stylists function at their highest. They need to supervise every aspect concerning accessories, collection of garbs, and executing last-minute changes. They also need to take into deliberation the effect of lighting, cosmetics, and the model’s features. One of the stylist’s reputable jobs is to be in charge of dealing with sudden mishaps such as ripped clothes and unmatched sizes. Hence, this profession requires ingenuity and resourcefulness among many others. As compared to other fields, this kind of occupation entails keenness to details. Though it largely sounds glitzy, a wide array of events can make you get harried and crazily occupied. For example, it has to be made sure that the schedules of the clothes being bought or tailored are in exact order. It has also to be made certain that the apparels borrowed are in meticulously good shape before returning. In this career, a

Business Continuity & Disaster Recovery Planning Models Comparison Coursework

Business Continuity & Disaster Recovery Planning Models Comparison - Coursework Example irst model is the Seven Tiers recovery model that was developed by IBM in 1992 defining various methods important computer systems (Quintero etal., 2013). The model has seven levels in which data can be recovered with varying levels of success. The progression of the tiers from 1-7 is characterized by reduced recovery time and increasing chances of data recovery (Carstensen, Morgenthal & Golden, 2012). The second one is the Security Stack four-layer model that offers ways to comprehensively respond to an incident. The first layer deals in disaster recovery, the 2nd layer on business continuity, the 3rd on situation awareness and the last layer is on Government Policy and National Incident Management (Mikulsky & Carroll, 2011). This model reduces the tendency of business continuity and business recovery plans fragmentation which reduce their effectiveness in event of a disruption (Troppens, 2009). The 7 Tier and the Security Stack model bear similarities in that the progression in the levels ensures minimal data loss and reduces the time required for business recovery and continuity. In addition, they both offer different levels which can help improve the data recovery success. Lastly, they provide a multi-level approach that enhances business recovery and continuity (Snedaker, 2007). Carstensen, J., Morgenthal, J. P., & Golden, B. (2012).  Cloud Computing: Assessing the Risks. Ely: IT Governance Publishing. Retrieved from: http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=PORgAgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Carstensen,+J.,+Morgenthal,+J.+P.,+%26+Golden,+B.+(2012).+Cloud+Computing:+Assessing+the+Risks.+Ely:+IT+Governance+Publishing&hl=en&sa=X&ei=s5e_U9fDIOLT7AaHv4D4AQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Mikulsky, D. & Carroll, T. (2011, June). The Security Stack for Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery. CSC. Retrieved from: http://www.csc.com/cybersecurity/insights/67598 the_security_stack_for_business_continuity_and_disaster_recovery Quintero, D., & International Business

Price And Non Price Competition In Shampoo Industry Economics Essay

Price And Non Price Competition In Shampoo Industry Economics Essay Price competition is nothing but competing on the basis of price which may involve price cutting. This may not involve in maximization of profits because price cut by one firm will force others to do the same, in a way every player is more or less having the same market share and no profits or less profits. A monopolistic market is very competitive and a price competition will exist or can sustain only in the short run like the monopolist, the monopolistically firm maximizes short run profit by following the MC=MR rule. As under the monopoly, if the price equals the ATC curve, the firm earns a short run normal profit. If the price is below the ATC curve, the firm suffers a short run loss, and if the price is below the average variable cost curve curve, the firm shuts down. In the words of Nicolson Non price competition is the competition by sellers for sales by means of other than price cutting. In the long run the monopolistically competitive firm, unlike a monopolist, will not earn an economic profit in the long rum. Rather , like a perfect competitor, the monopolistically competitive firm earns only a normal profit in the long run. The reason is that the short run profits and easy entry attract new firms into the industry. So in the long run competition is more likely using the non price factors. This refers to the attempt to attract the customers through changing the quality of the product, changing the market place, intense publicity service etc. Non price competition is the competition through product differ. Coming to the oligopoly market, because each oligopolist is a major factor in the market, oligopolists pricing decisions are mutually interdependent. The price one producer asks significantly affects the others sales. Hence when one oligopolistic firm lowers it price, all the others can be expected to lower theirs, to prevent erosion of their market shares. The oligopolist may have to second-guess other producers pricing policies-how they will react to a change in price, and what that might mean for its own policy. In fact, oligopolistic pricing decisions resemble moves in a chess game. The thinking may be so complicated that no one can predict what will happen. Thus, theories of oligopolistic price determination tend to be confined almost exclusively to the short run. Another line of thought arising from the kinked demand curve model is that, if firms are inhibited from changing their price competitive in some way because of their conjectures about rivals reaction, they will turn instead to non price forms of competition, such as advertizing and product variation, either separately or in combination. However, if a firm A increases its advertising expenditure, and that expenditure is successful in attracting more buyers, there may be some increase in the total market for the product but the main gains will be at the expense of rivals products. Competing firms can, therefore be expected to match any increase in advertising expenditure in an attempt to retain their market any increase in advertising expenditure in an attempt to retain their market share for exactly the same reason that they would match any price reductions. In the end, all firms would be faced with higher advertising costs, but not much to show for it in term of extra sales or profit s. Conversely, if A reduced its advertising expenditure, it would lose sales to its competitors who, having benefited from the situation, would appear to have little incentive to match As reduced level of expenditure. So again, it can be argued that changes in either direction from the status quo are likely to be unprofitable. However, it can also be argued that firms are likely to be more willing to risk an increase in advertising expenditure than a price reduction. A price reduction is, in a sense, a crude weapon that can be easily matched by rivals, whilst advertising has a more qualitative dimension that can less easily be countered. If a firm, therefore, has a good advertising idea or new improved product to market, it might be willing to embark on an advertising campaign to exploit the situation even in the almost certain knowledge that its action would provoke retaliation from competitors, whilst remaining reluctant to engage in a price war. The qualitative dimension to advertising may also lead firm to be less willing to be to act collusively, either formally or informally to reduced advertising expenditures than to rise price. Hence the issues raised in receving two sections are likely to be less constraining influence on advertising and product behavior than on price change. ELASTICITY: The change in demand or supply curve relative to the change in price is called as curves elasticity. Different products have different elasticies depending on the essentiality the elasticity differs from product to product. The products that have the functionality of meeting the necessities are not so venerable to price, because people any way would buy those products. A good is said to be highly elastic if an iota change in price leads to great change in demand or supply. In the same way an inelastic good is something where any change in price would not effect the demand. The equation for elasticity is:   Elasticity = percentage change in quantity / percentage change in price If elasticity (e) >= 1, then the curve is said to be elastic. If e Basically the demand curve is a negative slope, and if there is a large decrease in the quantity demanded with a small increase in price, the demand curve looks flatter, or more horizontal. This flatter curve means that the good or service in question is elastic.   C:UsersSrujanaDesktopuntitled folder 2economics12.gif The inelastic demand small change in quantity due to large change in price.   D:untitled folder 2economics13.gif Elasticity for supply : change in price results in a huge change in the amount supplied. Elasticity in this case would be greater than or equal to one.   D:untitled folder 2economics14.gif big change in price only results in a minor change in the quantity supplied. C:UsersSrujanaDesktopuntitled folder 2economics15.gif Determinants of Elasticity: Many factors influence elasticity, some of which are: Necessities versus Luxuries   To find a substitute is extremely difficult so demand will change very less. Availability of Close Substitutes. Definition of the Market   bigger the market more is the chance of finding the substitutes Time Horizon. Relative Size of Purchase. SHAMPOO INDUSTRY: Hair care products consist of hair oil, shampoos, conditioners and hair color. The size of the shampoo market reached Rs 850 crore and 30,000 tonnes in volume terms. The shampoo Market is the fastest growing item with in personal product category and it has expanded by nearly two and a half times in last few years, though the market is confined mainly to the urban locations in India. Shampoo usage in India: shampoos remain in low penetration category when compared with soaps and detergents whose penetration level is more than 90 percent.As per industry estimates, the urban Markey penetration of shampoo was about 36 per cent whereas in the rural market, usage was of the order of 12 per cent of the total population. Thus, there is a considerable scope for expansion by converting non-users. In respect to function, shampoo are of the following types: a) All purpose shampoos b) Special shampoos for dry, normal, oi!y, tinted, and bleached hair formulated on the principle that these hair conditions require special products c) Baby shampoos formulated to be nonsmarting to the eyes d) Medicated dandruff shampoos e) Color shampoos Factors for selecting a shampoo(Consumer point of view): Ease of application Lather Manageability Fragrance Luster Low level of irritation. Good stability. Economical. Look and feel of shampoo. Benefits offered by shampoo. Major barriers shampoo use in India are: common beliefs that shampoos contain chemicals and so it could damage hair; shampoo is viewed more as a glamour value and lack of conviction about the functional usefulness of shampoo. Until pouch packet was introduced, a large section of the market found even the price quite high and not affordable. Over the last decade or so, marketers have tried different possible experiments to expand there market penetration. Initially major players have tried to create awareness and dispel some of the myths by heavy advertizing. Among many innovative strategies like offering of shampoo for particular major of hair or special formulations, small size packs, especially introduction of sachets etc., shift from the glass bottles to plastic bottle pouch pack lowering of unit price seams to have been most effective. For instance, CavinKare introduced a 50 paise sachet of Chik shampoo, when most other shachets were sold at Rs 2. Such a lower price strategy was an instant success. HUL has also offered its 50 paise pack for Lux shampoo. The claims the 30 ml bubble pack for Clinic Plus, is a cost effective alternative for sachet users. Innovation in features: The creation of an anti dandruff shampoos was the first step. Clinic plus, a word known to every one has bought the first anti dandruff shampoo in to the market. HUL experimented with Sunsilk to make different products for normal, dry, and oily hair. PG s Head Shoulders, Menthol and Pantene Lively Clean offer distinct function benefits to the target users. This strategy enable those brands to gain volume as well as earn better margin. The company that I selected is PG (Proctor Gamble) which has the second largest market share in India. When I visited the departmental store I came across a whole rack of PG products and when I keenly observed the shampoos section there were three different brands. The first one was Head Shoulders which basically aims at solving dandruff problems, when spoken with people I came to know that most of them are suffering from dandruff problems and their choice of selecting this particular shampoo was mainly because of the availability and the trust they have in the company no wonder the company enjoys such a huge market share. This particular brand also has a pinch of conditioner features which is also a valid reason why people select this. The second brand I came across was PGs Pantene which mostly targeted at a niche market however I can confidently say that peoples choice of any shampoo is not on price, this is very dangerous to conclude but this was too evident in my study. The other observation that I made was many were hating Pantene because of the more usage of chemicals which are harmful to hair this can be profited by PG by reducing the amount of chemicals used. The demand curve of Pantene is falling in the recent years and the only reason that I found was the usage of chemicals that in turn lead to hair loss. The third brand that was a bit difficult to find was PGs brand Rejoice my study shows that not many people were opting for rejoice, in an other study Rejoice was ranked as number 1 in Asian market. The typical characteristics, which were evident, are like low price and attractive cover image. Key Strategies Absorbed: As we now that PG is late entrant into the shampoo segment so its main target was to increase its market share. During its time of entry HUL was a huge company and had maximum market share in shampoo segment, so to compete with HULs product PG released a low price shampoo product. We can see that a Price competition took place. As time went on PG increased its products category to compete heavily with HUL and this competition can be called as Non-Price competition. PG have shampoo products catering to all kinds of segments. When I visited the departmental store the products that were targeted for the niche market occupied a considerable amount of space relative to the products that cater the needs of mass market. Pantene and Head Shoulders are the products specially for the niche market and Rejoice was for the mass market. Head and Shoulder priced at Rs.62 for 100ml and for 200ml Rs.120 and Rs. 3 for single sachet which contains around 6ml. Pantene shampoo sachet price is of about Rs. 3, for 100ml pack the price is Rs. 89, for 200ml pack the price is Rs.169,for 400ml pack the price is Rs. 325. Rejoice shampoo sachet price is of about Rs. 2 and for 100ml pack the price is Rs. 33. Space allocated: Two major principles in the success of retail market are sales and profits. The sales volume and the profitability can be measured in the amount of space consumed for the particular product. Depending upon the product category the products are allocated. The amount of space is allocated based on the previous performance of the particular product. If the demand for a particular product is growing then more space is allocated product or else the space allocated is decreased. Allocating the space according to the number of sales done. Allocation of the space for the particular product differs from store to store. The characteristics of the product determine the space allocation in both quality and quantity of space. CONCULSION: My keen observations made me to comment that Pantene has high price and low demand, Head Shoulders enjoys an equilibrium price and Rejoice has a very less demand when compared to other PG products which shows that supply is also on the lower side and hence less availability of Rejoice shampoo. Being it a Oligopolistic market PG spends a lot of amount on Non Price factors to have a Non-Price competition with its main rival HUL.

The Apprenticeship Of Duddy Kravitz :: essays research papers

The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz by Mordecai Richler In the novel The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz, Mordecai Richler punishes Duddy for his wrongs against others in several ways. Each punishment fits the crime, and there is an irony about each one. The three punishments inflicted on Duddy at the end of the novel are the loss of Simcha's love, the loss of his friends, and the absence of any funds to build on his property. The loss of Simcha's love is a devastating blow for Duddy. This is evident when Duddy confronts Yvette and asks her, â€Å" Why did you go to my grandfather? Of all the people in the world, he's the only one† (Richler, 1959, 313). Duddy did everything he could to get this land because his grandfather said that 'A man without land is nobody'. Duddy, in his own mind, did it all for Simcha, to earn his love and respect and in the end, he had neither. The loss of Simcha's love did not happen for nothing. It happened because of the way in which Duddy had gone about acquiring his land. Yvette told Simcha, and Simcha did not approve. He was, in fact, extremely disappointed with Duddy. His disappointment is shown when he tells Duddy, I can see what you have planned for me, Duddel. You'll be good to me. You'd give me everything I wanted. and that would settle your conscience when you went out to swindle others. (Richler 1959, 312) The betrayal of Yvette, her speaking to Simcha, and the loss of hers and Virgil's friendships also punishes Duddy. They are the only two people in the world who ever loved him for himself, and didn't want anything but his love in return. In the loss of their friendships, Duddy is being punished for his rotten treatment of other people, even his only friends. Duddy may not even know what he has lost, but he will one day, when he misses having someone to share his accomplishments and failures with, like he has had up until now. The loss of things human is not the only punishment inflicted on Duddy. He also ends up without money left to build anything on the land he has purchased. This is punishment for all the low down, underhanded things he had to do to get the money to buy the land. The irony of this is after doing everything imaginable to get his money, such as attempted blackmail, selling his uncle The Apprenticeship Of Duddy Kravitz :: essays research papers The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz by Mordecai Richler In the novel The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz, Mordecai Richler punishes Duddy for his wrongs against others in several ways. Each punishment fits the crime, and there is an irony about each one. The three punishments inflicted on Duddy at the end of the novel are the loss of Simcha's love, the loss of his friends, and the absence of any funds to build on his property. The loss of Simcha's love is a devastating blow for Duddy. This is evident when Duddy confronts Yvette and asks her, â€Å" Why did you go to my grandfather? Of all the people in the world, he's the only one† (Richler, 1959, 313). Duddy did everything he could to get this land because his grandfather said that 'A man without land is nobody'. Duddy, in his own mind, did it all for Simcha, to earn his love and respect and in the end, he had neither. The loss of Simcha's love did not happen for nothing. It happened because of the way in which Duddy had gone about acquiring his land. Yvette told Simcha, and Simcha did not approve. He was, in fact, extremely disappointed with Duddy. His disappointment is shown when he tells Duddy, I can see what you have planned for me, Duddel. You'll be good to me. You'd give me everything I wanted. and that would settle your conscience when you went out to swindle others. (Richler 1959, 312) The betrayal of Yvette, her speaking to Simcha, and the loss of hers and Virgil's friendships also punishes Duddy. They are the only two people in the world who ever loved him for himself, and didn't want anything but his love in return. In the loss of their friendships, Duddy is being punished for his rotten treatment of other people, even his only friends. Duddy may not even know what he has lost, but he will one day, when he misses having someone to share his accomplishments and failures with, like he has had up until now. The loss of things human is not the only punishment inflicted on Duddy. He also ends up without money left to build anything on the land he has purchased. This is punishment for all the low down, underhanded things he had to do to get the money to buy the land. The irony of this is after doing everything imaginable to get his money, such as attempted blackmail, selling his uncle