Night By Elie Wiesel Essays (1166 words) - Satmar,

Night By Elie Wiesel The book Night was written by Elie Wiesel it is also about a true story he was just a child when it all happened. The book starts off as a little boy that is 12 years old his name is Eliezer he and is three other siblings Hilda the oldest girl then Bea and the baby of the family Tzipora all lived with there mother and father they were a small little Jewish family. Elie's family owned a little shop but only Hilda and Bea could help and Elie had to stay in school. Elie wanted to learn the perilous world of mysticism, which is a form of the Jewish religion that only one can study at the age of thirty. Elie's father was not up to discuss the matter much cause the answer that Elie received was not the one he wanted to hear. So Elie found a man named Moshe the Beadle he was a kind, funny and poor normally the people in Sighet would hate poor people that lived on the streets but Moshe was different he was kind and caused no harm. When Elie told Moshe that he wanted to learn about mysticism Moshe looked very surprised that a 12 year old would want an old poor man that sits an a synagogue all day and prays to teach him the mysteries of the mysticism. Moshe started teaching Elie everyday but one day the Hungarian police started cramming all the Jews in Sighet into little cattle car on a train. Every one that was inside was safe but if you were in the street you were taken. The very next day when Elie went to the synagogue to meet Moshe he was not there he had been taken. Elie wept and told his father what had happened to Moshe but it was like telling on him self for going behind his father's back and learning mysticism. In 1942 Moshe escaped death and came back to Sighet and was trying to tell every one what had happened to him but nobody listened not one single person of the town of Sighet would even hear him out. When he came to Elie's house Elie's father Chlomo told Moshe he was not welcome there any longer. The next day Elie went looking for Moshe to find out what happened to him. Elie found Moshe weeping in the synagogue. Moshe told Elie that all the Jews in Sighet were going to die and he himself almost died he said that the Germans would throw little babies in the air and let the gunners have target practice that they would make the prisoners dig giant holes then take off there clothes and line up on the edge of the hole. They would one by one shoot people and they would fall into the hole there was a man he said that was begging to be killed before his three sons. The only way that Moshe stayed alive is that he was shot in the leg and fell in the hole and was mistaken for dead. He said there where three other people that were not dead yet and a lady that that was trapped under dead bodies including her baby. This was in 1942 now its 1943 and Elie's mom is looking for a nice young man to marry her daughter Hilda. It was then quite in the town of Sighet until 1944 they heard over the radio that Hitler's army wasn't going to be able to come in to the town of Sighet and hurt any more people because the Russian's front line was moving in. Then the town of Sighet believed the radio and didn't think that they were in danger of be EXTERMINATED. All of a sudden all of these troops start coming in the town and nobody thinks to much of it. Until all the Jews where told that they were to give all there items of any value to the Hungarian police then they told them that they were not able to leave the house after 6:00p.m. Moshe came to Elie's house and told Elie's dad that he told him what would happen and nobody listened to him. Then he ran off in to the dark street. The Jews were made to yellow stars on there shirts. Then came the Ghettos there were two ghettos a big one and a smaller one the lager one was 4streets long and 4streets wide but

The Book Mother Teresa by Emma Johnson

The Book Mother Teresa by Emma Johnson Free Online Research Papers The book Mother Teresa by Emma Johnson has a great biography of Mother Teresa. It shows where Mother Teresa’s life started and where it ended. I think that this book give an honest opinion of Mother Teresa. It demonstrates how she became so famous and how generous she was. The book also shows why she chose to do some things in her life. Emma Johnson explains Mother Teresa’s life in a way that no one else can. Mother Teresa is born in 1910 as Agnes in Skopje. Agnes leaves her family forever to become a nun. She starts teaching as a nun in Darjeeling and is named Sister Teresa in 1928. She later is moved to Calcutta and she becomes a principal at the school. In 1947, Sister Teresa sees how poor people are in Calcutta and decides to leave the convent to help the poor. Many volunteers decide to help her out when she becomes Mother Teresa and the founder of the Missionaries of Charity in 1950. The Missionaries of Charity is opened outside of India when it gains success in India. Many homes are opened to help the poor. Mother Teresa receives many prizes for her kind work. After many years of her helping the poor, she dies at the age of 87 in 1997. As you can see, Mother Teresa had helped the poor and disadvantaged of the world. She was very bighearted and had a lot of determination to go on with her order. She also had a lot of courage to first leave her family and also help out the poor alone. People saw her generous acts and decided to help her out and then she became famous. If it wasn’t for Mother Teresa, then all the poor and disadvantaged of the world would still be suffering. I would definitely recommend this book to all my friends. I would also recommend this book to all of the people I know outside of school. It will show anyone who reads the book how generous a person can be. It will also show them that you can help strangers because they can also help you when you need help. A book like Mother Teresa includes how generous a person can be to help someone out. Mother Teresa was a person who devoted her life to help the poor and disadvantaged of the world. Research Papers on The Book Mother Teresa by Emma JohnsonBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XTrailblazing by Eric AndersonMind TravelPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Fifth HorsemanHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayThe Spring and AutumnThe Effects of Illegal Immigration19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era

Real Estate Investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Real Estate Investment - Essay Example Once the situation changes the other way (as it always does), the higher rates of interest in Italy will become predominant & the boom in real estate may receive a setback. There are also several instances wherein the seller turns out to be a fraud, who goes absconding after having got the reservation money. The situation is particularly precarious in the case of costly deals where 20-30% amounts to a large amount of money. Therefore, proper verification of the credentials of the other party is a must in order to thwart such occurrences. It is absolutely true to say that a dollar invested today would have an enhanced worth say three years down the line. But, this case is true provided other factors remain fairly constant. For example, if the political situation or the law & order scenario of an area is not alright or gets worse at any time between these years, then concerns among the buyers or financiers would ultimately work towards the education in the value of the property. In worse cases, the property may become useless such as I the instance of war or ethnic strife. As Italy has been a fairly peaceful nation, this fear is not supposed to dampen the spirits of investors. But nevertheless, one must always take this aspect into consideration at the time of investment planning.The interest rates in Italy hover in the range of around 2%, which is a bit more than that in the US. Therefore, it is advised that anyone desirous of seeking a mortgage especially for costlier properties, conduct an efficient forecast abut h is/her repayment options in order to avoid problems in the future. In spite of the boom in real estate in Italy, homeowners generally buy their property as something to live in rather than regard it as a form of investment. Therefore, when the need arises for selling that property especially after long periods of stay, the property value is set to fetch much lesser than the prevailing market due to any factors such as the age of the property, the amount of wear & tear, the forecast of the repairing costs that need to be undertaken by the buyer in advance etc. Another major disadvantage of investing in homes in Italy is that the majority of the mortgages are based on variable rates and as such, these interest rates keep changing fro area to area or company to company in particular. Therefore, the buyer may end up paying more while seeking a mortgage loan fro one company while there could be others offering it at reduced rates. Thus, this calls for a sense of responsibility on the part of the buyer to have an idea of the interest rates charged by the different mortgage companies. There is also an increasing trend towards direct purchasing through the phone or Internet. There have been instances in the past wherein investors have been duped by phony agents who pose as the real owners of a property or act as mediators. The reason has been attributed to the fault on the part of the investor to verify the authenticity of the property or it sellers. In most cases, the investor does not even inspect the site that is proposed to be purchased. The only solution is to verify the property & its seller either by himself or through trusted representatives, usually one's lawyers.In the case of a seller or in case the

High Fashion Styling Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

High Fashion Styling - Research Paper Example The essay "High Fashion Styling" discusses How to Become an A class Stylist. Aspiring stylists should be ready to face obstacles in firmly establishing careers. Specifically, this paper delves on the aspects of becoming an excellent stylist in high fashion. High Fashion is otherwise known as haute couture which is French for high sewing. It is also synonymous with high style which encompasses the most current when it comes to design. This kind of style is most often purported for exclusive clienteles. It also normally refers to rare and exclusive apparels. More importantly, the design is inimitable because of its price. Haute couture products are distinctive since they are financially difficult to access. Hence, the stylist should utilize high-quality fabrics. He must also design apparels with utmost taste, substantial amount of time, and meticulous expertise. Stylists were not so popular years ago. There was a time when they were quite ignored in the society. They were only known in the confines of the small fashion industries. The avenues of their recognition were only behind magazines and photo shoots. Charles Frederick Worth is known as the father of haute couture. He revolutionized the conventional styles and earned a mark in France’s fashion market. The term high fashion has been known to be first used in 1804. At this era, women’s dresses shifted to high-waisted designs which did not require the customary corset. Essentially, high fashion stemmed from Paris. This movement spawned other stylists. across time and cultures. As a Career â€Å"There are no hard and fast rules to beginning your styling career† (McAssey, & Buckley, p.17). The truth is, some of the most famous stylists did not actually have any formal training. On the other hand, there are also those who have spent many years in different colleges, internships, and academies. The point is one should look into all of the aspects that can help in advancing his status in the fa shion world. Though what you know is usually important in doing well, who you know matters greatly. Since the bigger part of the profession thrives on freelance, it is quite vital to have connections. Concerning compensation, the average alters depending on the kind of market. For example, in large scale promotions, stylists get paid from $400 up to $800 in one day (Lawson, 2012). Certainly, this kind of reward is an inspiration to many hopefuls. Experts’ salaries may get higher with appropriate certifications. The Association of Image Consultants Seminar is one of the organizations that guarantee a stylist’s proficiency. During shoots and productions, stylists function at their highest. They need to supervise every aspect concerning accessories, collection of garbs, and executing last-minute changes. They also need to take into deliberation the effect of lighting, cosmetics, and the model’s features. One of the stylist’s reputable jobs is to be in charge of dealing with sudden mishaps such as ripped clothes and unmatched sizes. Hence, this profession requires ingenuity and resourcefulness among many others. As compared to other fields, this kind of occupation entails keenness to details. Though it largely sounds glitzy, a wide array of events can make you get harried and crazily occupied. For example, it has to be made sure that the schedules of the clothes being bought or tailored are in exact order. It has also to be made certain that the apparels borrowed are in meticulously good shape before returning. In this career, a

Business Continuity & Disaster Recovery Planning Models Comparison Coursework

Business Continuity & Disaster Recovery Planning Models Comparison - Coursework Example irst model is the Seven Tiers recovery model that was developed by IBM in 1992 defining various methods important computer systems (Quintero etal., 2013). The model has seven levels in which data can be recovered with varying levels of success. The progression of the tiers from 1-7 is characterized by reduced recovery time and increasing chances of data recovery (Carstensen, Morgenthal & Golden, 2012). The second one is the Security Stack four-layer model that offers ways to comprehensively respond to an incident. The first layer deals in disaster recovery, the 2nd layer on business continuity, the 3rd on situation awareness and the last layer is on Government Policy and National Incident Management (Mikulsky & Carroll, 2011). This model reduces the tendency of business continuity and business recovery plans fragmentation which reduce their effectiveness in event of a disruption (Troppens, 2009). The 7 Tier and the Security Stack model bear similarities in that the progression in the levels ensures minimal data loss and reduces the time required for business recovery and continuity. In addition, they both offer different levels which can help improve the data recovery success. Lastly, they provide a multi-level approach that enhances business recovery and continuity (Snedaker, 2007). Carstensen, J., Morgenthal, J. P., & Golden, B. (2012).  Cloud Computing: Assessing the Risks. Ely: IT Governance Publishing. Retrieved from: http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=PORgAgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Carstensen,+J.,+Morgenthal,+J.+P.,+%26+Golden,+B.+(2012).+Cloud+Computing:+Assessing+the+Risks.+Ely:+IT+Governance+Publishing&hl=en&sa=X&ei=s5e_U9fDIOLT7AaHv4D4AQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Mikulsky, D. & Carroll, T. (2011, June). The Security Stack for Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery. CSC. Retrieved from: http://www.csc.com/cybersecurity/insights/67598 the_security_stack_for_business_continuity_and_disaster_recovery Quintero, D., & International Business

Price And Non Price Competition In Shampoo Industry Economics Essay

Price And Non Price Competition In Shampoo Industry Economics Essay Price competition is nothing but competing on the basis of price which may involve price cutting. This may not involve in maximization of profits because price cut by one firm will force others to do the same, in a way every player is more or less having the same market share and no profits or less profits. A monopolistic market is very competitive and a price competition will exist or can sustain only in the short run like the monopolist, the monopolistically firm maximizes short run profit by following the MC=MR rule. As under the monopoly, if the price equals the ATC curve, the firm earns a short run normal profit. If the price is below the ATC curve, the firm suffers a short run loss, and if the price is below the average variable cost curve curve, the firm shuts down. In the words of Nicolson Non price competition is the competition by sellers for sales by means of other than price cutting. In the long run the monopolistically competitive firm, unlike a monopolist, will not earn an economic profit in the long rum. Rather , like a perfect competitor, the monopolistically competitive firm earns only a normal profit in the long run. The reason is that the short run profits and easy entry attract new firms into the industry. So in the long run competition is more likely using the non price factors. This refers to the attempt to attract the customers through changing the quality of the product, changing the market place, intense publicity service etc. Non price competition is the competition through product differ. Coming to the oligopoly market, because each oligopolist is a major factor in the market, oligopolists pricing decisions are mutually interdependent. The price one producer asks significantly affects the others sales. Hence when one oligopolistic firm lowers it price, all the others can be expected to lower theirs, to prevent erosion of their market shares. The oligopolist may have to second-guess other producers pricing policies-how they will react to a change in price, and what that might mean for its own policy. In fact, oligopolistic pricing decisions resemble moves in a chess game. The thinking may be so complicated that no one can predict what will happen. Thus, theories of oligopolistic price determination tend to be confined almost exclusively to the short run. Another line of thought arising from the kinked demand curve model is that, if firms are inhibited from changing their price competitive in some way because of their conjectures about rivals reaction, they will turn instead to non price forms of competition, such as advertizing and product variation, either separately or in combination. However, if a firm A increases its advertising expenditure, and that expenditure is successful in attracting more buyers, there may be some increase in the total market for the product but the main gains will be at the expense of rivals products. Competing firms can, therefore be expected to match any increase in advertising expenditure in an attempt to retain their market any increase in advertising expenditure in an attempt to retain their market share for exactly the same reason that they would match any price reductions. In the end, all firms would be faced with higher advertising costs, but not much to show for it in term of extra sales or profit s. Conversely, if A reduced its advertising expenditure, it would lose sales to its competitors who, having benefited from the situation, would appear to have little incentive to match As reduced level of expenditure. So again, it can be argued that changes in either direction from the status quo are likely to be unprofitable. However, it can also be argued that firms are likely to be more willing to risk an increase in advertising expenditure than a price reduction. A price reduction is, in a sense, a crude weapon that can be easily matched by rivals, whilst advertising has a more qualitative dimension that can less easily be countered. If a firm, therefore, has a good advertising idea or new improved product to market, it might be willing to embark on an advertising campaign to exploit the situation even in the almost certain knowledge that its action would provoke retaliation from competitors, whilst remaining reluctant to engage in a price war. The qualitative dimension to advertising may also lead firm to be less willing to be to act collusively, either formally or informally to reduced advertising expenditures than to rise price. Hence the issues raised in receving two sections are likely to be less constraining influence on advertising and product behavior than on price change. ELASTICITY: The change in demand or supply curve relative to the change in price is called as curves elasticity. Different products have different elasticies depending on the essentiality the elasticity differs from product to product. The products that have the functionality of meeting the necessities are not so venerable to price, because people any way would buy those products. A good is said to be highly elastic if an iota change in price leads to great change in demand or supply. In the same way an inelastic good is something where any change in price would not effect the demand. The equation for elasticity is:   Elasticity = percentage change in quantity / percentage change in price If elasticity (e) >= 1, then the curve is said to be elastic. If e Basically the demand curve is a negative slope, and if there is a large decrease in the quantity demanded with a small increase in price, the demand curve looks flatter, or more horizontal. This flatter curve means that the good or service in question is elastic.   C:UsersSrujanaDesktopuntitled folder 2economics12.gif The inelastic demand small change in quantity due to large change in price.   D:untitled folder 2economics13.gif Elasticity for supply : change in price results in a huge change in the amount supplied. Elasticity in this case would be greater than or equal to one.   D:untitled folder 2economics14.gif big change in price only results in a minor change in the quantity supplied. C:UsersSrujanaDesktopuntitled folder 2economics15.gif Determinants of Elasticity: Many factors influence elasticity, some of which are: Necessities versus Luxuries   To find a substitute is extremely difficult so demand will change very less. Availability of Close Substitutes. Definition of the Market   bigger the market more is the chance of finding the substitutes Time Horizon. Relative Size of Purchase. SHAMPOO INDUSTRY: Hair care products consist of hair oil, shampoos, conditioners and hair color. The size of the shampoo market reached Rs 850 crore and 30,000 tonnes in volume terms. The shampoo Market is the fastest growing item with in personal product category and it has expanded by nearly two and a half times in last few years, though the market is confined mainly to the urban locations in India. Shampoo usage in India: shampoos remain in low penetration category when compared with soaps and detergents whose penetration level is more than 90 percent.As per industry estimates, the urban Markey penetration of shampoo was about 36 per cent whereas in the rural market, usage was of the order of 12 per cent of the total population. Thus, there is a considerable scope for expansion by converting non-users. In respect to function, shampoo are of the following types: a) All purpose shampoos b) Special shampoos for dry, normal, oi!y, tinted, and bleached hair formulated on the principle that these hair conditions require special products c) Baby shampoos formulated to be nonsmarting to the eyes d) Medicated dandruff shampoos e) Color shampoos Factors for selecting a shampoo(Consumer point of view): Ease of application Lather Manageability Fragrance Luster Low level of irritation. Good stability. Economical. Look and feel of shampoo. Benefits offered by shampoo. Major barriers shampoo use in India are: common beliefs that shampoos contain chemicals and so it could damage hair; shampoo is viewed more as a glamour value and lack of conviction about the functional usefulness of shampoo. Until pouch packet was introduced, a large section of the market found even the price quite high and not affordable. Over the last decade or so, marketers have tried different possible experiments to expand there market penetration. Initially major players have tried to create awareness and dispel some of the myths by heavy advertizing. Among many innovative strategies like offering of shampoo for particular major of hair or special formulations, small size packs, especially introduction of sachets etc., shift from the glass bottles to plastic bottle pouch pack lowering of unit price seams to have been most effective. For instance, CavinKare introduced a 50 paise sachet of Chik shampoo, when most other shachets were sold at Rs 2. Such a lower price strategy was an instant success. HUL has also offered its 50 paise pack for Lux shampoo. The claims the 30 ml bubble pack for Clinic Plus, is a cost effective alternative for sachet users. Innovation in features: The creation of an anti dandruff shampoos was the first step. Clinic plus, a word known to every one has bought the first anti dandruff shampoo in to the market. HUL experimented with Sunsilk to make different products for normal, dry, and oily hair. PG s Head Shoulders, Menthol and Pantene Lively Clean offer distinct function benefits to the target users. This strategy enable those brands to gain volume as well as earn better margin. The company that I selected is PG (Proctor Gamble) which has the second largest market share in India. When I visited the departmental store I came across a whole rack of PG products and when I keenly observed the shampoos section there were three different brands. The first one was Head Shoulders which basically aims at solving dandruff problems, when spoken with people I came to know that most of them are suffering from dandruff problems and their choice of selecting this particular shampoo was mainly because of the availability and the trust they have in the company no wonder the company enjoys such a huge market share. This particular brand also has a pinch of conditioner features which is also a valid reason why people select this. The second brand I came across was PGs Pantene which mostly targeted at a niche market however I can confidently say that peoples choice of any shampoo is not on price, this is very dangerous to conclude but this was too evident in my study. The other observation that I made was many were hating Pantene because of the more usage of chemicals which are harmful to hair this can be profited by PG by reducing the amount of chemicals used. The demand curve of Pantene is falling in the recent years and the only reason that I found was the usage of chemicals that in turn lead to hair loss. The third brand that was a bit difficult to find was PGs brand Rejoice my study shows that not many people were opting for rejoice, in an other study Rejoice was ranked as number 1 in Asian market. The typical characteristics, which were evident, are like low price and attractive cover image. Key Strategies Absorbed: As we now that PG is late entrant into the shampoo segment so its main target was to increase its market share. During its time of entry HUL was a huge company and had maximum market share in shampoo segment, so to compete with HULs product PG released a low price shampoo product. We can see that a Price competition took place. As time went on PG increased its products category to compete heavily with HUL and this competition can be called as Non-Price competition. PG have shampoo products catering to all kinds of segments. When I visited the departmental store the products that were targeted for the niche market occupied a considerable amount of space relative to the products that cater the needs of mass market. Pantene and Head Shoulders are the products specially for the niche market and Rejoice was for the mass market. Head and Shoulder priced at Rs.62 for 100ml and for 200ml Rs.120 and Rs. 3 for single sachet which contains around 6ml. Pantene shampoo sachet price is of about Rs. 3, for 100ml pack the price is Rs. 89, for 200ml pack the price is Rs.169,for 400ml pack the price is Rs. 325. Rejoice shampoo sachet price is of about Rs. 2 and for 100ml pack the price is Rs. 33. Space allocated: Two major principles in the success of retail market are sales and profits. The sales volume and the profitability can be measured in the amount of space consumed for the particular product. Depending upon the product category the products are allocated. The amount of space is allocated based on the previous performance of the particular product. If the demand for a particular product is growing then more space is allocated product or else the space allocated is decreased. Allocating the space according to the number of sales done. Allocation of the space for the particular product differs from store to store. The characteristics of the product determine the space allocation in both quality and quantity of space. CONCULSION: My keen observations made me to comment that Pantene has high price and low demand, Head Shoulders enjoys an equilibrium price and Rejoice has a very less demand when compared to other PG products which shows that supply is also on the lower side and hence less availability of Rejoice shampoo. Being it a Oligopolistic market PG spends a lot of amount on Non Price factors to have a Non-Price competition with its main rival HUL.

The Apprenticeship Of Duddy Kravitz :: essays research papers

The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz by Mordecai Richler In the novel The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz, Mordecai Richler punishes Duddy for his wrongs against others in several ways. Each punishment fits the crime, and there is an irony about each one. The three punishments inflicted on Duddy at the end of the novel are the loss of Simcha's love, the loss of his friends, and the absence of any funds to build on his property. The loss of Simcha's love is a devastating blow for Duddy. This is evident when Duddy confronts Yvette and asks her, â€Å" Why did you go to my grandfather? Of all the people in the world, he's the only one† (Richler, 1959, 313). Duddy did everything he could to get this land because his grandfather said that 'A man without land is nobody'. Duddy, in his own mind, did it all for Simcha, to earn his love and respect and in the end, he had neither. The loss of Simcha's love did not happen for nothing. It happened because of the way in which Duddy had gone about acquiring his land. Yvette told Simcha, and Simcha did not approve. He was, in fact, extremely disappointed with Duddy. His disappointment is shown when he tells Duddy, I can see what you have planned for me, Duddel. You'll be good to me. You'd give me everything I wanted. and that would settle your conscience when you went out to swindle others. (Richler 1959, 312) The betrayal of Yvette, her speaking to Simcha, and the loss of hers and Virgil's friendships also punishes Duddy. They are the only two people in the world who ever loved him for himself, and didn't want anything but his love in return. In the loss of their friendships, Duddy is being punished for his rotten treatment of other people, even his only friends. Duddy may not even know what he has lost, but he will one day, when he misses having someone to share his accomplishments and failures with, like he has had up until now. The loss of things human is not the only punishment inflicted on Duddy. He also ends up without money left to build anything on the land he has purchased. This is punishment for all the low down, underhanded things he had to do to get the money to buy the land. The irony of this is after doing everything imaginable to get his money, such as attempted blackmail, selling his uncle The Apprenticeship Of Duddy Kravitz :: essays research papers The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz by Mordecai Richler In the novel The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz, Mordecai Richler punishes Duddy for his wrongs against others in several ways. Each punishment fits the crime, and there is an irony about each one. The three punishments inflicted on Duddy at the end of the novel are the loss of Simcha's love, the loss of his friends, and the absence of any funds to build on his property. The loss of Simcha's love is a devastating blow for Duddy. This is evident when Duddy confronts Yvette and asks her, â€Å" Why did you go to my grandfather? Of all the people in the world, he's the only one† (Richler, 1959, 313). Duddy did everything he could to get this land because his grandfather said that 'A man without land is nobody'. Duddy, in his own mind, did it all for Simcha, to earn his love and respect and in the end, he had neither. The loss of Simcha's love did not happen for nothing. It happened because of the way in which Duddy had gone about acquiring his land. Yvette told Simcha, and Simcha did not approve. He was, in fact, extremely disappointed with Duddy. His disappointment is shown when he tells Duddy, I can see what you have planned for me, Duddel. You'll be good to me. You'd give me everything I wanted. and that would settle your conscience when you went out to swindle others. (Richler 1959, 312) The betrayal of Yvette, her speaking to Simcha, and the loss of hers and Virgil's friendships also punishes Duddy. They are the only two people in the world who ever loved him for himself, and didn't want anything but his love in return. In the loss of their friendships, Duddy is being punished for his rotten treatment of other people, even his only friends. Duddy may not even know what he has lost, but he will one day, when he misses having someone to share his accomplishments and failures with, like he has had up until now. The loss of things human is not the only punishment inflicted on Duddy. He also ends up without money left to build anything on the land he has purchased. This is punishment for all the low down, underhanded things he had to do to get the money to buy the land. The irony of this is after doing everything imaginable to get his money, such as attempted blackmail, selling his uncle